上海高考英语突击系列:暑假专刊2018-8-7

没良心的

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上期答案

一、语法填空
1. sighting 考查动名词。
2. who考查非限制性定语从句。
3. making考查现在分词。
4. was spotted考查一般过去时被动。
5. to mean考查动词不定式。
6. the考查定冠词。
7. because考查原因状语从句。
8. Because of／owning to/due to 考查介词短语。
9. It考查代词。
二、小猫钓鱼
31-40  CADEB  GHKFJ 
三、选句填空

1-4 CADF
四、概要写作

Recently a study which infected laboratory mice at different times of day has suggested that the time of infection has an important influence on how susceptible we are to disease. However, it further research is required to prove whether the findings of the miceonly study really apply to humans.

一、语法填空

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
 

Is it a name or is it a number? David and Victoria Beckham have continued the tradition of ___21___ (name) their children with words not normally ___22___ (consider) forenames by calling their daughter “Seven”. Yes,that’s right, Seven. As in the number 7. But there’s a difference this time: they ___23___ (reserve) the more memorable moniker for their little girl’smiddle name.



Instead of conventional Christian names, the first three Beckham kids received—in order of birth—the name of a district of New York (Brooklyn), the title of Shakespeare’s most famous character (Romeo) and the Spanish word for “cross”(Cruz). Meanwhile, their middle names are the more down-to-earth Joseph, Jamesand David.


The ___24___ (late) addition to Team Beckham reverses the pattern with the unusual, yet heardof, first name Harper. David revealed on Facebook ___25___ they named their daughter after Harper Lee, the author of Victoria’s favorite novel.


It was the middle name ___26___ provoked most speculation. Some were suggesting it has great significance for David Beckham ___27___ it was the number he wore on his shirt as a Manchester United and England player. Others claim they chose Seven because she ___28___ (bear) in July.


However, David revealed all by saying the number symbolizes spiritual perfection, the Seven Wonders of the World and the seven colors of the rainbow.


The Beckhams have always gone freestyle with their children’s names, but with Harper Seven they are actually following ___29___ established British naming convention of making the middle name the more unusual one. Often they are a relative’s name, ___30____ can be embarrassingly old-fashion.

二、小猫钓鱼（即选词填空)

‘TooLittle Too Late’: Bankruptcy Booms Among Older Americans

A. shrinks B. challenge C.potential  D.  accounts E. benefits F. access G. expenses H. finances I. vanished  J. unexpected K. cautions

For a rapidly growing share of older Americans, traditional ideas about life in retirement are being upended(颠倒的) by a cruel reality: bankruptcy. The signs of ___31___ trouble — vanishing pensions, soaring medical expenses, inadequate savings — have been building for years. Now, new research sheds light on the scope of the problem: The rate of people 65 and older filing for bankruptcy is three times what it was in 1991, the study found, and the same group ___32___ for a far greater share of all filers. Driving the surge, the study suggests, is a three-decade shift of financial risk from government and employers to individuals, who are bearing an ever-greater responsibility for their own financial well-being as the social safety net ___33___. The transfer has come in the form of, among other things, longer waits for full Social Security ___34___, the replacement of employer-provided pensions with 401(k) savings plans and more out-of-pocket spending on health care. Declining incomes, whether in retirement or leading up to it, compound the ___35___. Cheryl Mcleodof Las Vegas filed for bankruptcy in January after struggling to keep up with her mortgage payments and other ___36___. “I am 70, and I am working for less money than I ever did in my life,” she said. “This life stuff happens.”


As the study, from the Consumer Bankruptcy Project, explains, older people whose ___37___ are precarious have few places to turn. “When the costs of aging are off-loadedonto a population that simply does not have ___38___ to adequate resources,something has to give,” the study says, “and older Americans turn to what little is left of the social safety net — bankruptcy court.” “You can manageO.K. until there is a little stumble,” said Deborah Thorne. “It doesn’t even take a big thing.” The forces at work affect many Americans, but older people are often less able to weather them, according to Professor Thorne and her colleagues in the study. Finding, and keeping, one job is hard enough for anolder person. Taking on another to pay ___39___ bills is almost unfathomable(难以理解的). Bankruptcy can offer a fresh start for people who needone, but for older Americans it “is too little too late,” the study says. “By the time they file, their wealth has ___40___ and they simply do not have enough years to get back on their feet.”(386)


(https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/05/business/bankruptcy-older-americans.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news)

三、选句填空（即六选四）

 

The conflict left much  fertile land unattended. All kinds of diseases have a  negative effect on economy. Continued rising demands for  limited resources create serious problems for Burundi. She is not underweight enough  to receive the supplements. Overweight children and  underweight mothers cause lots of trouble. She is seeking supplements to  improve her breast milk.

Recent studies suggest the African nation of Burundi has the highest levels of hunger and undernourished people worldwide. More than ten years of war, along with poverty and overpopulation have strongly affected the nation’seconomic and nutritional conditions.____1____


Along many of the hillsides in Burundi’s northern Ngozi province,workers are digging and planting. They hope to stop fertile soils from sliding away in what is considered the hungriest place on earth.


The United Nations World Food Program is currently paying more than 5,700 local farmers to work other people’s lands. The WFP program, Food-for-assets comes after years of local farmers trying and failing to beat hunger by working their own land.


The Burundian civil war ended in 2005 after twelve years offighting.____2____ Some also was repossessed. Overpopulation in the country has also increased pressure on food production.


Jean Dominique Masumbuko is a Agricultural Coordinator for the Christian aid group World Vision. He says the people show no sign of physical strength. He says they appear almost bloodless.


At a nearby clinic, crying babies, older children and underweight mothers fill the room. Some of the children are already in a World Food Program effort that feeds extremely underweight children and breastfeeding mothers.


Pascaline Minani, has a 6-year-old son in the program. She walked five kilometers carrying her baby to get to the center.____3____ She worries that without supplements her baby might suffer severe hunger.


But WFP workers find that Minani’s measurements do not meet there quirement. ____4____ Pascaline Minani says she cannot stop thinking about food. She says her only wish is to feed her children once a day, and if there is more,she will feed herself.


The World Food Program says that recent studies show that feeding and agricultural programs have reduced malnutrition rates nationwide.

四、概要写作

A sedentary(久坐的) lifestyle is defined by an excessive amount of daily sitting. Beit to watch television, work the computer, or even read, its negative health influences include increased anxiety, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and more. But if a person exercises, everything gets reversed—right? Notso, claims new research. As reported by Men’s Health Magazine in 2010, a deskjob may literally be the end of us, no matter how many spin classes we take.



Marc Hamilton is a physiologist and professor at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. As he told Men’s Health,a man who sits 60 hours at a desk job but still works out for 45 minutes a dayfive times a week still has a sedentary lifestyle. According to Hamilton, “Peopletend to view physical activity on a single continuum. On the far side, you havea person who exercises a lot; on the other, a person who doesn’t exercise atall. However, they’re not necessarily polar opposites." Hamiltonand his growing body of evidence shows that even “a sculpted six pack” won’tdiminish the harm caused by your office chair.


How is this possible? The difference seems to be between exercise activity and non-exercise activity. This is the difference between running, biking, or doing weights as opposed to walking, mowing the lawn, or emptying your dishwasher. A 2007 report found that people with the highest levels of non-exercise activity burn significantly more calories than those who work out regularly. Experts say the difference simply can be about standing. People who stand onthe job burn more calories than those who don’t—not matter how muchthe sedentary worker actually works out.


Dr. Peter Katzmarzyk is a researcher at one the nation’s leading obesity research centers. He says that sitting, not weight or exercise, is a key factor in determining a person’s overall health. According to Katzmarzky, "The evidence that sitting is associated with heart disease is very strong. We seeit in people who smoke and people who don’t. We see it in people who are regular exercisers and those who aren’t. Sitting is an independent risk factor."

说明：(1) 增加新题型选句填空（即六选四）和概要写作题型；(2)由于是原文，文中的个别人名、地名的专业术语等没有作润色处理，但是从语言阅读的角度，不影响同学们的语言学习。


备注：部分材料来已出版在《2018上海高考英语考纲词汇练习册》、《上海高考英语词汇手册（修订版）》、《2018上海高考英语教学质量评估试卷》和源于高考英语测试语料库的原创练习，其中的语篇练习材料主要选自《经济学人》、《时代周刊》、《纽约时报》、《卫报》等英美的主要期刊杂志以提供原汁原味的语篇和提高学生的语篇阅读能力。

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